;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; ; ; Reaction version 1.0 ; ; ; ; By Brad Slattery 2009 ; ; www.bradsprojects.com ; ; brad@bradsprojects.com ; ; ; ; 'Designing electronic projects, ; ; to spread the name of Jesus' ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LIST p=16f628a ; tell assembler what chip we are using (if you are using the 16f628a, then include "P16f628a.inc" ; make sure you change this line and the previous line to read p16f628a __config h'3f18' ; sets the configuration settings - internal oscillator, watchdog timer OFF ; Power Up Timer DISABLED, Master Clear DISABLED, Brown Out Detect DISABLED, ; Low Voltage Programming DISABLED, Data EE Read Protect Disabled, ; Code Protect OFF. (this will remain the same for all tutorials) PC equ h'02' ; The program counter will be refered to as PC - The program counter is ; a little counter within the microcontroller to let itself know what line number ; it is upto when running a program. We can make the microcontroller jump to a certain ; line number by changing the value stored in PC. (we will do this in a later tutorial) cblock h'20' ; Start defining variables delay_1 ; used in the delay routine delay_2 ; used in the delay routine random_counter ; used to create our 'random' number random_number ; used to save our 'random' number reaction_timer ; used to determine how fast you pressed the button reaction_loop_hold_1 ; used to slow down how fast our reaction variable counts reaction_loop_hold_2 ; used to slow down how fast our reaction variable counts false_start_counter ; used to hold our LED in the false start indication mode animation_loop_counter ; used to determine how long we display our animation for. endc ; end of defining variables org h'0000' ; start from 0000 hex movlw h'07' ; This will turn the comparators OFF. movwf CMCON ; (we just want to use the ports as digital ports) bsf STATUS, RP0 ; select bank 1 (to enable us to change the Input / Output status of our ports) movlw b'00000000' ; set PORTB all outputs (A '0' means output, A '1' means input. We can set each movwf TRISB ; We can set each bit individualy. Each port having 8-bits or 8 pins. movlw b'00100000' ; set PORTA all outputs except for bit 5. Bit 5 is an input ONLY pin. movwf TRISA ; It cannot be set to an output! bcf STATUS, RP0 ; select bank 0 setup ; Get everything setup ready for the main program clrf PORTA ; ensures LED is off (both red and green) movlw b'11111111' ; ensures seven segment display is off (remember it's a common ANODE) movwf PORTB movlw d'150' ; Let's start the game with a medium delay before displaying GREEN movwf random_number ; (255 would be max delay) clrf random_counter ; ensure that we start counting from the start (00) clrf reaction_loop_hold_1 ; ensure that these two variables give us the maximum delay possible clrf reaction_loop_hold_2 ; which is counting down from 000 (remember if we decrement 000 it then goes to 255) ; we then have to wait for 000 to come back around before the decfsz inctruction will skip begin ; This is where our main program starts. call display_red ; call the display red routine call display_green ; call the display green routine goto begin ; and now go and do it all again (it will run in a continuos loop) display_red ; this subroutine takes care of displaying the RED LED. bcf PORTA, 1 ; turn on the RED LED and bsf PORTA, 0 ; turn off the GREEN LED. red_loop ; loop back here if we are not yet ready to display the GREEN LED. movlw d'50' ; set a delay to slow down the process of changing from red to Green call delay ; (this delay is quite quick to ensure that it still recognises a button press) btfsc PORTA, 5 ; have we pressed the button? goto false_start ; if yes then we shouldn't have! so goto the false start routine to flash the LED decfsz random_number, f ; if we haven't pressed it then decrement whatever was in random_number by 1 goto red_loop ; if we have not reached zero then just keep displaying red BUT return ; if we have counted all the way to zero, then we have finished displaying RED and now ; it is time to display the GREEN LED, so lets return shall we! false_start ; we come here if the button was pressed BEFORE the GREEN LED had illuminated. movlw d'10' ; We want to repeat this false start LED flash 10 times movwf false_start_counter ; false_start_loop ; we keep flashing the LED until our 10 flahses are completed. bcf PORTA, 0 ; turn off the RED LED movlw d'100' ; setup a delay for a reasonably fast flash rate call delay ; and now run that delay bsf PORTA, 0 ; turn on the RED LED movlw d'100' ; setup a delay for a reasonably fast flash rate call delay ; and now run that delay decfsz false_start_counter, f ; have we finished with our LED flashes yet? goto false_start_loop ; if not then go up and flash it another time goto begin ; but if we have, go back to the beginning of the game display_green ; This routine takes care of displaying the Green LED and then checking our reaction clrf reaction_timer ; ensure that we start the reaction timer from the start. (dont want to have a handicap) bcf PORTA, 0 ; turn off the RED LED bsf PORTA, 1 ; turn on the GREEN LED delay_loop_green ; We come back here if we are not yet done with displaying the GREEN LED movlw d'80' ; setup a delay in our green loop (the higher the number here means that movwf delay_1 ; it is easier to get a good reaction time) try making it 255 and see how movwf delay_2 ; easy it is to get a reaction time of zero! green_loop ; come back here if we are not yet finished with the green loop decf random_counter, f ; this is used to generate our 'random' number btfsc PORTA, 5 ; have we pressed the button yet? goto result_loop ; if we have then go straight to the result routine BUT decfsz delay_1, f ; if we haven't pressed it then continue in our green loop animation goto green_loop ; until we finally reach 0 in both delay_1 and delay_2 decfsz delay_2, f ; when we do finally reach zero then we can increment the reaction timer by 1. goto green_loop ; can you see that the more times that we continue in this loop then the slower ; the reaction timer increments and therefor makes it easier for us to get a goog score? incf reaction_timer, f ; okay now we have finished a loop we can increment the reaction_timer by 1. movf reaction_timer, w ; and now move that into w so then we can perform a subtraction instruction sublw d'09' ; we will get some answer here but we aren't concerned with the number, but rather whether btfsc STATUS, C ; the 09 is greater than what was in w (which was the number in reaction_timer) goto delay_loop_green ; if we have not yet reached the max count of 9 then go back and do it again movlw d'09' ; if we have reached 09 then we need to copy 09 back into reaction_timer movwf reaction_timer ; this will then go onto performing the result_loop routine (below) result_loop call save_random_number ; now we need to save whatever random number we landed on call animation ; before we display the score, we want to display a nice little animation! movf reaction_timer, w ; copy our number in reaction_timer into w. xorlw d'00' ; then check to see if the number equals 00, btfsc STATUS, Z ; if it does then we have landed on zero (very quick indeed!) goto number_0 ; so display this on the seven segment display OTHERWISE: movf reaction_timer, w ; copy our number in reaction_timer into w. xorlw d'01' ; then check to see if the number equals 01, btfsc STATUS, Z ; if it does then we have landed on one goto number_1 ; so display this on the seven segment display OTHERWISE: movf reaction_timer, w ; copy our number in reaction_timer into w. xorlw d'02' ; then check to see if the number equals 02, btfsc STATUS, Z ; if it does then we have landed on two goto number_2 ; so display this on the seven segment display OTHERWISE: movf reaction_timer, w ; copy our number in reaction_timer into w. xorlw d'03' ; then check to see if the number equals 03, btfsc STATUS, Z ; if it does then we have landed on three goto number_3 ; so display this on the seven segment display OTHERWISE: movf reaction_timer, w ; copy our number in reaction_timer into w. xorlw d'04' ; then check to see if the number equals 04, btfsc STATUS, Z ; if it does then we have landed on four goto number_4 ; so display this on the seven segment display OTHERWISE: movf reaction_timer, w ; copy our number in reaction_timer into w. xorlw d'05' ; then check to see if the number equals 05, btfsc STATUS, Z ; if it does then we have landed on five goto number_5 ; so display this on the seven segment display OTHERWISE: movf reaction_timer, w ; copy our number in reaction_timer into w. xorlw d'06' ; then check to see if the number equals 06, btfsc STATUS, Z ; if it does then we have landed on six goto number_6 ; so display this on the seven segment display OTHERWISE: movf reaction_timer, w ; copy our number in reaction_timer into w. xorlw d'07' ; then check to see if the number equals 07, btfsc STATUS, Z ; if it does then we have landed on seven goto number_7 ; so display this on the seven segment display OTHERWISE: movf reaction_timer, w ; copy our number in reaction_timer into w. xorlw d'08' ; then check to see if the number equals 08, btfsc STATUS, Z ; if it does then we have landed on eight goto number_8 ; so display this on the seven segment display OTHERWISE: movf reaction_timer, w ; copy our number in reaction_timer into w. xorlw d'09' ; then check to see if the number equals 09, btfsc STATUS, Z ; if it does then we have landed on nine goto number_9 ; so display this on the seven segment display number_0 ; this will display the decimal number 0 on the display movlw b'11000000' ; remember the seven segment display is connected to PORTB movwf PORTB ; we send out combinations of 1's and 0's to turn on certain return ; LED's to give us our decimal digit! number_1 ; this will display the decimal number 1 on the display movlw b'11110011' ; movwf PORTB ; return ; number_2 ; this will display the decimal number 2 on the display movlw b'10100100' ; movwf PORTB ; return ; number_3 ; this will display the decimal number 3 on the display movlw b'10100001' ; movwf PORTB ; return ; number_4 ; this will display the decimal number 4 on the display movlw b'10010011' ; movwf PORTB ; return ; number_5 ; this will display the decimal number 5 on the display movlw b'10001001' ; movwf PORTB ; return ; number_6 ; this will display the decimal number 6 on the display movlw b'10001000' ; movwf PORTB ; return ; number_7 ; this will display the decimal number 7 on the display movlw b'11100011' ; movwf PORTB ; return ; number_8 ; this will display the decimal number 8 on the display movlw b'10000000' ; movwf PORTB ; return ; number_9 ; this will display the decimal number 9 on the display movlw b'10000001' ; movwf PORTB ; return ; animation ; This routine gives you a nice animation (to keep it interesting...) bsf PORTA, 0 ; turn on the RED LED (now both red and green will be on = ORANGE) movlw b'11111110' ; start out with ONE segment on movwf PORTB ; the seven segment display movlw d'07' ; this animation will have 07 'frames' movwf animation_loop_counter ; animation_loop ; come back here if we have not yet finished with the animation movlw d'100' ; slow down the animation just a bit so we can see it happening. call delay ; and call that delay rlf PORTB, f ; now make a different LED segment turn on. decfsz animation_loop_counter, f ; have we completed out animation yet? goto animation_loop ; if not then keep doing it return ; but if we have, then just return to the main program save_random_number ; This takes care of storing our random number for use in the next round... movf random_counter, w ; copy the random_counter to w and then check to see if it sublw d'250' ; is greater than decimal 250. btfss STATUS, C ; if not then check the next number. But if it is greater, then goto load_a ; goto load_a so that we can copy a certain 'random number'. movf random_counter, w ; copy the random_counter to w and then check to see if it sublw d'229' ; is greater than decimal 229. btfss STATUS, C ; if not then check the next number. But if it is greater, then goto load_b ; goto load_b so that we can copy a certain 'random number'. movf random_counter, w ; copy the random_counter to w and then check to see if it sublw d'203' ; is greater than decimal 203. btfss STATUS, C ; if not then check the next number. But if it is greater, then goto load_c ; goto load_c so that we can copy a certain 'random number'. movf random_counter, w ; copy the random_counter to w and then check to see if it sublw d'177' ; is greater than decimal 177. btfss STATUS, C ; if not then check the next number. But if it is greater, then goto load_d ; goto load_d so that we can copy a certain 'random number'. movf random_counter, w ; copy the random_counter to w and then check to see if it sublw d'151' ; is greater than decimal 151. btfss STATUS, C ; if not then check the next number. But if it is greater, then goto load_e ; goto load_e so that we can copy a certain 'random number'. movf random_counter, w ; copy the random_counter to w and then check to see if it sublw d'125' ; is greater than decimal 125. btfss STATUS, C ; if not then check the next number. But if it is greater, then goto load_f ; goto load_f so that we can copy a certain 'random number'. movf random_counter, w ; copy the random_counter to w and then check to see if it sublw d'99' ; is greater than decimal 99. btfss STATUS, C ; if not then check the next number. But if it is greater, then goto load_g ; goto load_g so that we can copy a certain 'random number'. movf random_counter, w ; copy the random_counter to w and then check to see if it sublw d'73' ; is greater than decimal 73. btfss STATUS, C ; if not then check the next number. But if it is greater, then goto load_h ; goto load_h so that we can copy a certain 'random number'. movf random_counter, w ; copy the random_counter to w and then check to see if it sublw d'47' ; is greater than decimal 47. btfss STATUS, C ; if not then check the next number. But if it is greater, then goto load_i ; goto load_i so that we can copy a certain 'random number'. movf random_counter, w ; copy the random_counter to w and then check to see if it sublw d'21' ; is greater than decimal 21. btfss STATUS, C ; if not then check the next number. But if it is greater, then goto load_j ; goto load_j so that we can copy a certain 'random number'. load_a ; these next load routines take care of copy a random number for use next time round. movlw d'255' ; movwf random_number ; return ; load_b ; movlw d'154' ; movwf random_number ; return ; load_c ; movlw d'89' ; movwf random_number ; return ; load_d ; movlw d'124' ; movwf random_number ; return ; load_e ; movlw d'175' ; movwf random_number ; return ; load_f ; movlw d'101' ; movwf random_number ; return ; load_g ; movlw d'50' ; movwf random_number ; return ; load_h ; movlw d'137' ; movwf random_number ; return ; load_i ; movlw d'167' ; movwf random_number ; return ; load_j ; movlw d'70' ; movwf random_number ; return ; delay ; here is a nice and simple delay routine movwf delay_1 ; copy the number in the w register to delay_1 and delay_2 movwf delay_2 ; Now the rest of the routine will focus on counting down to zero. delay_loop ; We come back to this label when we have not yet reached zero. decfsz delay_1, f ; decrement whatever is in delay_1 by 1 and store the answer back in delay_1 goto delay_loop ; if the answer is not zero, then go back to the delay_loop label. but if the decfsz delay_2, f ; answer is zero then decrement delay_2 by one and store the answer in delay_2 goto delay_loop ; if the answer is not zero, then go back to delay_loop label. but if the answer return ; is zero, then we have completed our delay and now we can return to our main program! end ; We always need to have end at the end, even if we don't want the program ; to actually end, it still must be here!